Exenatide

Also known as: exendin-4 · Byetta · Bydureon

FDA-approved

Last verified: October 30, 2026

At a glance

FDA approval FDA-approved 5 applications
Randomized controlled trials 392 of 4,940 publications on PubMed
Registered clinical trials 380 21 active
Adverse event reports 84,435 20,670 classified as serious
  • Exenatide is an FDA-approved drug, marketed as Byetta (first approval: October 30, 2009).
  • PubMed lists 4,940 publications mentioning it, including 392 randomized controlled trials and 1,386 animal-only studies.
  • ClinicalTrials.gov lists 380 registered studies testing it (21 active).
  • FDA's adverse event system (FAERS) holds 84,435 reports mentioning it; 20,670 classified as serious. Reports do not prove causation.

Research topics

  • Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists 65
  • Semaglutide 53
  • Hypoglycemic Agents 48
  • Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 37
  • Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor 34
  • Glucagon-Like Peptides 31
  • Tirzepatide 25
  • Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 24
  • Immunoglobulin Fc Fragments 20
  • Liraglutide 20

Most frequent MeSH subject headings in the latest PubMed records (English, as indexed).

Regulatory status

Drugs@FDA applications

Application Product Status First approval Sponsor
NDA021773 BYETTA Approved, discontinued April 28, 2005 ASTRAZENECA AB
NDA021919 BYETTA Approved, marketed October 30, 2009 AMYLIN
NDA022200 BYDUREON, BYDUREON PEN Approved, discontinued January 27, 2012 ASTRAZENECA AB
NDA209210 BYDUREON BCISE Approved, discontinued October 20, 2017 ASTRAZENECA AB
ANDA206697 EXENATIDE SYNTHETIC Approved, discontinued November 19, 2024 AMNEAL

Source: Drugs@FDA (openFDA) · verified October 30, 2026 · API query

FDA compounding safety list

Not on FDA's list of bulk drug substances that may present significant safety risks in compounding.

Source: FDA.gov — Category 2 bulk drug substances · verified October 30, 2026

Removal of a substance from a regulatory list does not mean it has been approved. A "research use only" label does not make a product safe or legal for human use.

Scientific publications

  • All publications 4,940
  • Human (MeSH) 2,682
  • Animal only 1,386
  • Clinical trials 459
  • Randomized controlled trials 392
  • Systematic reviews & meta-analyses 264
  • Case reports 110
  • Retracted 9

Counts are PubMed records that mention the peptide in the title or abstract. Categories overlap, and a mention is not the same as testing the peptide as a treatment. Each number opens the exact PubMed search. Effects seen in laboratory or animal studies may not occur in humans. A registered clinical trial does not show that a substance is effective or safe.

Latest publications

Source: PubMed (NCBI) · verified October 30, 2026

Clinical trials

Registered
380
Active
21
With posted results
128

Conditions studied

  • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus 70
  • Type 2 Diabetes 65
  • Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 51
  • Obesity 31
  • Diabetes Mellitus 18
  • Diabetes 10
  • Insulinoma 9
  • Type 1 Diabetes 9
  • Healthy 7
  • Impaired Glucose Tolerance 6
  • Type2 Diabetes 5
  • Hypoglycemia 5
Study Status Phase Start
A Real-world Study of Treatment Retention and Adherence to Secukinumab in Patients With Plaque Psoriasis (PsO) With or Without Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonist (GLP-1 RA) Co-therapy
NCT07881783 Novartis Pharmaceuticals
Not yet recruiting — October 30, 2026
Comparison of [68Ga]Ga-HBED-CC-PEG6-Exendin-4 and [68Ga]Ga-HBED-CC-Exendin-4 PET/CT for Insulinoma Localization
NCT07808879 Peking Union Medical College Hospital
Recruiting N/A October 1, 2026
Determination of Resistance Training Status for Patients on Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists
NCT07702461 Ohio State University
Recruiting — June 12, 2026
Targeting Agonists of Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor for Multiple Sclerosis
NCT07497399 Johns Hopkins University
Recruiting Phase 2 April 28, 2026
A Single-Center, Open-Label, Single Ascending Dose Study of Exenatide Circular RNA-Lipid Nanoparticle Injection (CR059) in Chinese Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
NCT07347080 The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology
Recruiting Early phase 1 January 20, 2026
A Study on the Safety and Clinical Efficacy of Guominkang in the Treatment of Diabetic Kidney Disease
NCT07907965 Beijing University of Chinese Medicine
Active, not recruiting Phase 2 October 20, 2025
Using Secondary Data to Evaluate Sex-based Heterogeneity of GLP-1 Agonists and SGLT2 Inhibitors on Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Health (CKMH) Outcomes in Real-world Settings (DASH-CKMH)
NCT07188545 Ohio State University
Active, not recruiting — September 15, 2025
Food (Poly)Phenol Metabotypes and Beta-cell Mass and Function.
NCT06888167 Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma
Recruiting N/A October 14, 2024
A Pan-European Post-Authorisation Safety Study: Risk of Pancreatic Cancer Among Type 2 Diabetes Patients Who Initiated Exenatide as Compared With Those Who Initiated Other Non-Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Receptor Agonists Based Glucose Lowering Drugs
NCT05663515 AstraZeneca
Recruiting — September 30, 2024
A Phase 3 Study to Evaluate the Efficacy of JY09 Compared With Dulaglutide in Combination Therapy Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 Patients With Metformin
NCT06257966 Beijing Dongfang Biotech Co., Ltd.
Active, not recruiting Phase 3 July 17, 2024
Show 40 more studies
Study Status Phase Start
A Phase 3 Study to Evaluate the Efficacy of JY09 Compared With Placebo in T2DM Patients
NCT06254014 Beijing Dongfang Biotech Co., Ltd.
Active, not recruiting Phase 3 July 10, 2024
Association of Gene Polymorphism With Susceptibility to T2DM and the Therapeutic Responses to Exenatide in Chinese Patients With T2DM
NCT06256419 The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University
Recruiting N/A January 1, 2024
Clinical, Morphometric and Biochemical Effects on Adiposopathy Associated With the Use of GLP-1RA in CKD
NCT07309094 Cardenal Herrera University
Recruiting — September 15, 2023
Exenatide Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics in Gestational Diabetes
NCT05482789 Maisa N. Feghali, MD
Recruiting Phase 4 April 12, 2023
GLP-1 Analogue in Preventing Progression of Small Vessel Disease (GAPP-SVD)
NCT05356104 Chinese University of Hong Kong
Recruiting Phase 2 May 25, 2022
Assessment of Pancreatic Beta Cell Mass and Function by Positron Emission Tomography Imaging in Human Diabetes Mellitus
NCT05662189 Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma
Recruiting N/A March 15, 2022
Comparative Effectiveness and Safety of Four Second Line Pharmacological Strategies in Type 2 Diabetes Study
NCT05220917 Brigham and Women's Hospital
Active, not recruiting — August 1, 2021
Brain Activation and Satiety in Children 2
NCT04520490 Seattle Children's Hospital
Active, not recruiting Phase 3 January 28, 2021
Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor PET/CT in GLP-1R Related Disease
NCT06725693 Tianjin Medical University
Recruiting — February 1, 2019
An Active Surveillance Program for Cases of Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma (MTC)
NCT01511393 Novo Nordisk A/S
Enrolling by invitation — Jan 2012
Islet Transplantation in Type 1 Diabetic Patients Using the University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC) Protocol
NCT00679042 CellTrans Inc. Results posted
Active, not recruiting Phase 3 September 5, 2007
Assessment of Safety, Tolerability and Drug Levels of Exenatide Implant
NCT05670379 Vivani Medical, Inc
Completed Phase 1 December 20, 2024
Real-World Evaluation of Omarigliptin for Type 2 Diabetes Meliitus in Bangladesh
NCT06449235 Bangladesh Institute of Research and Rehabilitation in Diabetes, Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders
Unknown status Phase 4 Sep 2024
Exenatide For Reducing the Reinforcing Effects of Cocaine
NCT06252623 Christopher D. Verrico
Withdrawn Phase 1 August 1, 2024
Diabetes Islet Preservation Immune Treatment
NCT02586831 Camillo Ricordi and Jay Skyler
Withdrawn Phase 1, Phase 2 June 1, 2024
Influence of JY09 on Pharmacokinetics of Metformin , Rosuvastatin , and Digoxin and the QT Interval Study in Overweight Chinese Subjects
NCT06247748 Beijing Dongfang Biotech Co., Ltd.
Completed Phase 1 October 19, 2023
BetaFIT Study: Beta Cell Imaging After Faecal mIcrobiota Transplantation
NCT05622123 Radboud University Medical Center
Unknown status Phase 2 February 23, 2023
Clinical Study of 18F-Exendin-4 in Insulinoma
NCT07340437 Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital
Completed — February 1, 2023
Exenatide for Smoking Cessation and Prevention of Weight Gain
NCT05610800 The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston
Completed Phase 2 December 7, 2022
A Trial to Determine the Efficacy and Safety of Presendin in IIH
NCT05347147 Invex Therapeutics Ltd. Results posted
Terminated Phase 3 November 18, 2022
Exendin PET/CT for Imaging of Paragangliomas
NCT05418907 Radboud University Medical Center
Unknown status — June 1, 2022
Study to Evaluate the Pharmacokinetic Characteristics of Pegylated Exenatide Injection (PB-119) in Subjects With Different Degrees of Renal Insufficiency and Matched Subjects With Normal Renal Function
NCT05328843 PegBio Co., Ltd.
Unknown status Phase 1 May 1, 2022
SEMAGLUTIDE VERSUS GLP-1 RECEPTOR AGONISTS. EFFECTIVENESS , SAFETY AND QUALITY OF LIFE IN PATIENTS WITH DIABETES MELLITUS 2. OBSERVATIONAL, PROSPECTIVE AND MULTICENTER STUDY. SEVERAL STUDY.
NCT05136287 Jose Seijas Amigo
Completed — February 1, 2022
Effect of Glucagon and Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Co-agonism on Cardiac Function and Metabolism in Overweight Participants with Type 2 Diabetes
NCT04307797 Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
Completed Phase 4 January 18, 2022
[68Ga]Ga-HBED-CC-exendin-4 and [68Ga]Ga-NOTA-exendin-4 PET/CT Imaging in the Same Group of Insulinoma Patients
NCT05034783 Peking Union Medical College Hospital
Unknown status Early phase 1 October 1, 2021
Identification and Clinical Relevance of an Oxytocin Deficient State (GLP1 Study)
NCT04897802 Fundació Institut de Recerca de l'Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau
Completed Phase 4 September 13, 2021
A GLP-1 Receptor PET Imaging Substudy Within the VER-A-T1D Trial Investigating the Effects on Beta Cell Mass
NCT04615910 Radboud University Medical Center
Unknown status Phase 2 July 1, 2021
Comparison of Type 2 Diabetes Pharmacotherapy Regimens
NCT05073692 Kaiser Permanente Results posted
Completed — July 1, 2021
BESTMED: Observational Evaluation of Second Line Therapy Medications in Diabetes
NCT05161429 Brigham and Women's Hospital
Unknown status — July 1, 2021
Exenatide for Treating Cocaine Use Disorder
NCT04941521 The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston Results posted
Completed Phase 1, Phase 2 June 24, 2021
Exenatide-test for Diagnosing Endogenous Hyperinsulinemic Hypoglycemia
NCT04909333 University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
Completed N/A April 29, 2021
Effects of GLP-1 Analogue Combined With Metformin and Metformin on Gonadal and Metabolic Profiles in Chinese Overweight/Obese PCOS Patients With Hyperandrogenemia.
NCT04969627 Bing He
Completed Phase 4 January 4, 2021
Exenatide Once-weekly as a Treatment for Multiple System Atrophy
NCT04431713 University College, London Results posted
Completed Phase 2 September 16, 2020
The Clinical Application of 68Ga-NOTA-exendin-4 PET/CT in Detecting Insulinoma
NCT04979611 First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University
Unknown status Phase 1 August 1, 2020
Study of Exenatide Once-Weekly Suspension in Chinese Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
NCT04001231 AstraZeneca
Withdrawn Phase 1 June 30, 2020
Proof of Concept Study in Patients With Short Bowel Syndrome
NCT04379856 9 Meters Biopharma, Inc.
Unknown status Phase 1, Phase 2 June 23, 2020
Safety and Efficacy of PB-119 in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes and Not Well-controlled by Metformin Monotherapy
NCT04504396 PegBio Co., Ltd.
Completed Phase 3 June 23, 2020
Safety and Efficacy of Pegylated Exenatine Injection (PB-119) in Drug-naïve T2DM Subjects
NCT04504370 PegBio Co., Ltd.
Completed Phase 3 April 27, 2020
SR-Exenatide (PT320) to Eveluate Efficacy and Safety in Patients With Early Parkinson's Disease
NCT04269642 Peptron, Inc.
Unknown status Phase 2 March 19, 2020
A Clinical Study of NLY01 in Patient's With Early Parkinson's Disease
NCT04154072 Neuraly, Inc.
Completed Phase 2 February 27, 2020

All 380 studies on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

Source: ClinicalTrials.gov · verified October 30, 2026

Adverse event reports

Reports
84,435
Serious
20,670
With death outcome
2,220

Most reported reactions

  • Blood glucose increased 18,571
  • Weight decreased 14,811
  • Nausea 14,380
  • Injection site haemorrhage 7,465
  • Injection site pain 6,822
  • Decreased appetite 6,650
  • Blood glucose decreased 6,241
  • Vomiting 5,457
  • Device leakage 5,121
  • Injection site mass 3,847
  • Diarrhoea 3,803
  • Incorrect dose administered by device 3,335

Adverse event reports do not prove that the substance caused these effects. Side effects not listed here may still occur. Reaction terms are MedDRA terms as reported to FAERS.

Source: FDA FAERS (FAERS data as of July 30, 2026) · verified October 30, 2026 · API query

FDA prescribing information

Official US prescribing information. Dosing sections are intentionally not shown.

  • Exenatide HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG Amneal Pharmaceuticals LLC May 27, 2026
  • Byetta HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP September 2, 2025

Source: DailyMed / openFDA

Change history

No changes since monitoring began on October 30, 2026.