Aging & mitochondria Not a peptide

NAD+

Also known as: nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide

Not FDA-approved

Last verified: October 30, 2026

At a glance

FDA approval Not FDA-approved No record in Drugs@FDA

Randomized controlled trials 7 of 997 publications on PubMed

Registered clinical trials 269 73 active

Adverse event reports 47 31 classified as serious

NAD+ is not an FDA-approved drug: Drugs@FDA has no record of it.
PubMed lists 997 publications mentioning it, including 7 randomized controlled trials and 532 animal-only studies.
ClinicalTrials.gov lists 269 registered studies testing it (73 active).
FDA's adverse event system (FAERS) holds 47 reports mentioning it; 31 classified as serious. Reports do not prove causation.

Research topics

Mitochondria 20
Niacinamide 16
Dietary Supplements 14
Nicotinamide Mononucleotide 14
Aging 13
Energy Metabolism 12
Pyridinium Compounds 12
Cytokines 11
Oxidative Stress 11
Reactive Oxygen Species 11

Most frequent MeSH subject headings in the latest PubMed records (English, as indexed).

Regulatory status

Drugs@FDA applications

No application found in Drugs@FDA, FDA's database of approved drugs.

Source: Drugs@FDA (openFDA) · verified October 30, 2026 · API query

FDA compounding safety list

Not on FDA's list of bulk drug substances that may present significant safety risks in compounding.

Source: FDA.gov — Category 2 bulk drug substances · verified October 30, 2026

Removal of a substance from a regulatory list does not mean it has been approved. A "research use only" label does not make a product safe or legal for human use.

Scientific publications

All publications 997
Human (MeSH) 292
Animal only 532
Clinical trials 23
Randomized controlled trials 7
Systematic reviews & meta-analyses 2
Case reports 22
Retracted 2

Counts are PubMed records that mention the peptide in the title or abstract. Categories overlap, and a mention is not the same as testing the peptide as a treatment. Each number opens the exact PubMed search. Effects seen in laboratory or animal studies may not occur in humans. A registered clinical trial does not show that a substance is effective or safe.

Latest publications

Effect of Intravenous Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide on Left Ventricular Function After Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Unclassified 2026 American journal of cardiovascular drugs : drugs, devices, and other interventions
ADP-ribose induces neuronal ferroptosis through ENT2-mediated nucleotide rewiring. Unclassified 2026 Nature chemical biology
Rapid Wound Healing Observed Following Oral LathMized NAD+ Supplementation: A Case Study. Case report 2026 Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open
Does NAD+ Have a Role in Aesthetic Plastic Surgery? An Evidence-Based Review. Unclassified 2026 Aesthetic surgery journal
Mitochondria-targeted drug delivery systems for aging-related diseases: Mechanisms, strategies, and advances. Review 2026 Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society
An NAD+-responsive adipose signal coordinates inter-organ defense against muscle atrophy. Unclassified 2026 Cell metabolism
Ginkgolide B as a Candidate Gerotherapeutic: Evidence, Evidentiary Limits, and Translational Requirements. Review 2026 Aging and disease
Ricinine toxicity in susceptible lepidoptera involves perturbations in β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide metabolism. Unclassified 2026 Frontiers in physiology
NAPRT loss promotes lung tumor initiation and growth through AKT signaling independently of NAD+ biosynthesis. Unclassified 2026 Molecular oncology
Narrative review of intravenous NAD+ and NAD+ precursors in wellness and translational medicine. Review 2026 Frontiers in aging

Source: PubMed (NCBI) · verified October 30, 2026

Clinical trials

Registered: 269
Active: 73
With posted results: 39

Conditions studied

Aging 9
NAD 6
Healthy 6
Multiple Myeloma 6
Parkinson Disease 5
Covid19 5
Healthy Adults 4
Acute Kidney Injury 4
Depression 4
Breast Cancer 4
Heart Failure 4
Dementia 4

Study	Status	Phase	Start
Nicotinamide for Retinal Protection in Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma (NADIR Trial) NCT07808333 University of Chicago	Not yet recruiting	Phase 2	June 1, 2027
Shared Decision Making for Antipsychotic Medications NCT05416658 New York State Psychiatric Institute	Not yet recruiting	N/A	January 1, 2027
FEAST and HOPE: Redox PSC Pilot Study NCT07898839 Brigham and Women's Hospital	Not yet recruiting	Phase 2	Jan 2027
Nicotinamide Riboside, Vit B3 Analogue, and Brain Energy Metabolism NCT07649161 Massachusetts General Hospital	Recruiting	N/A	Dec 2026
Comparing Different Medication Regimens to Maintaining Weight Loss Among Adults With Obesity Using GLP-1s NCT07832084 Jing Luo	Not yet recruiting	Phase 4	November 1, 2026
PEDIatric Cardiac Dysfunction Treated With Injectable Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide NCT07839130 Beijing Children's Hospital	Not yet recruiting	Phase 2	October 1, 2026
Effects of Trigonelline Monohydrate on NAD+ Metabolism, Pharmacokinetics, Safety, and Tolerability in Healthy Adults NCT07880925 dsm-firmenich Switzerland AG	Not yet recruiting	Phase 1	Oct 2026
A Clinical Study of SHR-9839 as Monotherapy or in Combination With Chemotherapy Plus Adebrelimab Versus Chemotherapy Plus Adebrelimab in Patients With Advanced Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma NCT07751341 Suzhou Suncadia Biopharmaceuticals Co., Ltd.	Recruiting	Phase 2	September 7, 2026
Validation of NAD+ Measurements for Human Clinical Studies NCT07416786 University of Pennsylvania	Recruiting	N/A	September 1, 2026
NAD Supplementation to Reduce the Incidence of Cardiac Surgery Associated Acute Kidney Injury NCT07739290 Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center	Not yet recruiting	N/A	September 1, 2026

Show 40 more studies

Study	Status	Phase	Start
Rapid UTI Diagnostics in Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction Among Catheter Users NCT07784829 Medstar Health Research Institute	Not yet recruiting	N/A	Sep 2026
NAD Augmentation to Prevent or Reverse Alzheimer's Disease in People With Down Syndrome NCT07278492 Brigham and Women's Hospital	Not yet recruiting	Phase 1	August 31, 2026
Efficacy of Topical Niacinamide Riboside on the Signs of Facial Skin Aging NCT07774000 ChromaDex, Inc.	Recruiting	N/A	August 17, 2026
NAD Supplementation in Parkinson's Disease NCT07703137 University of Oklahoma	Enrolling by invitation	N/A	August 10, 2026
A Clinical Trial to Assess the Absorption, Safety, and Efficacy of an Oral Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD+) Supplement in Healthy Adults NCT07692633 Reus Research	Not yet recruiting	N/A	Aug 2026
Neoadjuvant Letrozole in Postmenopausal Women With Hormone Receptor-Positive, HER2-Negative, Node Positive, Early-Stage Breast Cancer. NCT07394946 Cancer Care Hospital & Research Centre Foundation, Lahore	Not yet recruiting	Phase 2	Jun 2026
Edaravone Dexborneol for Post-Stroke Epilepsy NCT07604350 First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University	Not yet recruiting	Phase 3	Jun 2026
A Study to Evaluate JL18008 in Subject With HIV Immunological Non-Responders NCT07579741 Jecho Biopharmaceuticals Co., Ltd.	Recruiting	Phase 1, Phase 2	May 26, 2026
Research On Nicotinamide Riboside Supplement Support in MDS (ROSS Trial) NCT07579429 University of Colorado, Denver	Recruiting	Phase 2	May 20, 2026
Mechanistic Study of Nicotinamide Riboside on NAD+ Biology in Individuals With Combined Pulmonary Hypertension NCT07563322 Vanderbilt University Medical Center	Recruiting	N/A	April 9, 2026
Brain NAD in Alzheimer's Disease NCT07127510 Florida Atlantic University	Recruiting	—	March 18, 2026
Mitochondrial Redox Modulation in Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Imeglimin vs. Metformin Monotherapy NCT07436182 Mansoura University	Not yet recruiting	Phase 4	March 1, 2026
A IB/II Phase Clinical Study on the Safety, Tolerability, and Efficacy of SHR-9839(sc) in Combination Anti-tumor Therapy in Patients With Solid Tumors NCT07229638 Suzhou Suncadia Biopharmaceuticals Co., Ltd.	Recruiting	Phase 1, Phase 2	February 27, 2026
Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Supplementation for Exercise Tolerance Improvement in Healthy Older Adults NCT07144527 Scott Silveira	Recruiting	N/A	February 21, 2026
The Kidney's Response to Exercise in Heat, and the Impact of Vitamin B3 on This Response NCT06983730 Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center	Recruiting	Early phase 1	January 26, 2026
Efficacy and Safety of Coenzyme I for Injection on Vascular Aging. NCT07328100 Shanghai 10th People's Hospital	Not yet recruiting	N/A	January 16, 2026
Our Peers - Empowerment and Navigational Support - Community Living (OP-ENS-CL): A Peer Navigator Intervention for Adults With Acquired Physical Disabilities NCT06941233 Susan Magasi	Recruiting	N/A	December 1, 2025
NADream: Effects of Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Supplementation on Sleep Quality in Healthy Individuals NCT06971224 Haukeland University Hospital	Recruiting	Phase 2	October 13, 2025
POTASSIUM-RICH SALT SUBSTITUTES IN KIDNEY TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS NCT07178964 University Medical Centre Ljubljana	Not yet recruiting	N/A	October 1, 2025
Nicotinamide Levels in Serum, Aqueous Humor, and Tear Film in Glaucoma and Correlations With Mitochondrial Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns (mtDAMPs) and Senescence-Associated Secretory Phenotype (SASP) NCT07006194 Università degli Studi 'G. d'Annunzio' Chieti e Pescara	Not yet recruiting	N/A	October 1, 2025
Use of Vassopresin in Septic Shock Prospective Multicenter Observational Study With Medication NCT07255378 Jamil Cedeño Mora	Recruiting	—	October 1, 2025
Use of New Drug QRX-3 for Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease Progression NCT06866236 Ebima Clifford Okundaye	Not yet recruiting	Phase 2, Phase 3	Oct 2025
Safety Planning and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Adolescent Suicide Prevention in Mozambique NCT06465381 University of Washington	Recruiting	N/A	September 1, 2025
Tailored Vs. Empirical Helicobacter Pylori Infection Treatment NCT06200779 Manuel Coelho da Rocha	Not yet recruiting	Phase 4	Sep 2025
The Effect of Neoadjuvant Chemoimmnotherapy Combined With Node Sparing Radiotherapy for cT3N+ EC NCT06965829 Shanghai Chest Hospital	Not yet recruiting	Phase 2	July 1, 2025
Movement Improves Brain Health and Cognition in Parkinson's Disease NCT07299279 Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS	Recruiting	N/A	June 9, 2025
Comparisons of NAD Precursors for Neuroenhancement in Glaucoma Patients NCT06991712 Christopher Kai Shun Leung	Recruiting	Phase 2	May 19, 2025
NAD+ Supplement（NMN）With Radioimmunotherapy in Advanced NSCLC NCT06966583 Sichuan University	Not yet recruiting	Phase 1	May 1, 2025
Tracing the Metabolic Flux of Orally Administered NAD+ Precursors NCT06882096 Metro International Biotech, LLC	Recruiting	Phase 1	April 28, 2025
ACEs, SIRT1, and Premature Vascular Aging in Humans NCT07073352 University of Wisconsin, Madison	Recruiting	N/A	March 27, 2025
The NAD-HD Study: A Study to Investigate Efficacy and Safety of Nicotinamide Riboside Compared With Placebo in Huntington's Disease NCT06853743 Oslo University Hospital	Recruiting	Phase 2	March 18, 2025
Evaluation of the Impact of an Alteration of NAD+ Metabolism on the Renal Prognosis of Patients Admitted to Intensive Care (NI-AKI) NCT07203131 GCS Ramsay Santé pour l'Enseignement et la Recherche	Recruiting	N/A	March 17, 2025
Empirical Intravenous Beta-Lactam Plus Metronidazole Vs Oral Cefixime Plus Metronidazole for the Treatment of Liver Abscess NCT06847126 Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh	Recruiting	Phase 3	February 25, 2025
Phase 1a Single Ascending Dose Study of MIB-725 in Healthy Adults NCT06815991 Metro International Biotech, LLC	Recruiting	Phase 1	February 11, 2025
A Clinical Study of NAD in the Treatment of Immune Thrombocytopenia NCT06776510 Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, China	Recruiting	Phase 1, Phase 2	January 15, 2025
EFFECT OF CIRCUIT TRAINING ON BONE MINERAL DENSITY IN POST MENOPAUSAL PERIOD NCT06950463 Cairo University	Recruiting	N/A	January 1, 2025
The NADage Study: Nicotinamide Riboside Replenishment Therapy Against Functional Decline in Aging NCT06208527 Haukeland University Hospital	Recruiting	Phase 2	Jan 2025
A Phase 1 Study to Evaluate the Safety, Pharmacokinetics, and Preliminary Efficacy of MK-6204 (SKB535) for Injection in Participants With Advanced Solid Tumors NCT06726369 Sichuan Kelun-Biotech Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd.	Recruiting	Phase 1	December 12, 2024
The Safety and Efficacy of Coenzyme I for Injection in Promoting Hematopoietic Recovery of Patients After sUCBT NCT06558253 Anhui Provincial Hospital	Recruiting	Phase 1	November 29, 2024
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD+) Metabolism in Human Brown Adipose Tissue NCT06627868 University of Turku	Recruiting	N/A	November 20, 2024

All 269 studies on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

Source: ClinicalTrials.gov · verified October 30, 2026

Adverse event reports

Reports: 47
Serious: 31
With death outcome: 0

Most reported reactions

Fatigue 9
Nausea 7
Headache 6
Anxiety 5
Erythema 5
Insomnia 5
Cough 4
Pruritus 4
Abdominal pain 3
Asthenia 3
Covid-19 3
Dizziness 3

Adverse event reports do not prove that the substance caused these effects. Side effects not listed here may still occur. Reaction terms are MedDRA terms as reported to FAERS.

Source: FDA FAERS (FAERS data as of July 30, 2026) · verified October 30, 2026 · API query

FDA prescribing information

Official US prescribing information. Dosing sections are intentionally not shown.

numbuzin 9 NAD BIO Super Defense Glow Sunscreen Broad Spectrum SPF 50 HUMAN OTC DRUG BENOW BEAUTY INC February 9, 2026
Virexa HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG Oncora Pharma, LLC September 5, 2025

Source: DailyMed / openFDA

Change history

No changes since monitoring began on October 30, 2026.